Join
Topic

Water and Hydrogen-Reactions of water with Metals

Estimated reading: 5 minutes 1221 views Contributors
Don't Miss Out! Join Darasa Huru

Get instant educational updates, notes, books, and alerts straight to your phone.

WhatsApp Channel Telegram Channel

Introduction to Reactions of Water and Metals

Some metals react with water while others do not.
The reaction of metals with water depends on the reactivity series.
The higher the metal in the reactivity series the more reactive the metal with water

Reaction of Sodium/Potassium with Cold Water

An experiment is conducted as follows;
– Put about 500cm3 of water in a beaker
– Add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the water
– Cut a very small piece of sodium and put the metal into the water using a pair of forceps

NOTES
– Sodium melts to a silvery ball that floats and darts on the surface decreasing in size
– Effervescence/fizzing/ bubbles of colourless gas produced
– Colour of phenolphthalein turns pink
– Sodium is less dense than water, hence floats on water
– Sodium vigorously reacts with water to form an alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide and producing hydrogen gas
– Sodium is stored in paraffin to prevent contact with water

Sodium + Water  Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
2Na(s) + 2H2O (l)  2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)

– Potassium is more reactive than Sodium
– On contact with water it explodes/burst into flames
– An alkaline solution of potassium hydroxide is formed and hydrogen gas

Potassium + Water  Potassium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
2K(s) + 2H2O (l)  2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)

Reaction of Lithium/Calcium with Cold Water

An experiment is conducted as follows;
– Put about 200cm3 of water in a beaker
– Add three drops of phenolphthalein indicator into the water
– Cut a small piece of Lithium and put the metal into the water using forceps
– Repeat with a piece Calcium metal
NOTES
– Lithium sinks to the bottom of the water and rapid effervescence/fizzing/ bubbles of colourless gas produced
– Colour of phenolphthalein turns pink
– Lithium and calcium are denser than water.
– Both sink in water and vigorously react to form an alkaline solution and produce hydrogen gas.
– Lithium is more reactive than calcium and is also paraffin like Sodium to prevent contact with water
– The following equations are representative of the reactions that occur

Lithium + Water  Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
2Li(s) + 2H2O (l)  2LiOH (aq) + H2(g)

Read Also:

Calcium + Water  Calcium hydroxide + Hydrogen gas
Ca(s) + 2H2O (l)  Ca (OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

Reaction of Magnesium/Zinc/Iron with Steam/water vapour

An experiment is conducted as follows;
– Place some wet sand or cotton/glass wool soaked in water at the bottom of an ignition/hard glass boiling tube
– Polish magnesium ribbon using sand paper
– Coil it at the centre of the ignition/hard glass boiling tube.
– Set up the apparatus as below

Reaction of Water Vapor with Magnesium- Chemistry Form One

– Heat the wet sand or cotton/glass wool soaked in water gently to drive away air in the ignition/hard glass boiling tube and generate steam.
– Heat the coiled ribbon strongly using another burner
– Repeat the experiment using Zinc powder and fresh Iron filings

A. Reaction with Magnesium

The Magnesium glows with a bright flame. It continues to burn even if heating is stopped. White solid /ash that dissolve in water to form a colourless solution is formed. Colourless gas produced/collected that extinguish burning splint with “pop sound”

– Hot magnesium burn vigorously in steam
– The reaction is highly exothermic generating enough heat/energy to proceed without further heating
– White Magnesium oxide solid/ash is left as residue
– Hydrogen gas is produced and extinguishes a burning splint with a pop sound
Magnesium + Steam  Magnesium oxide + Hydrogen
Mg(s) + H2O(g)  MgO(s) + H2(g)

– Magnesium oxide reacts /dissolves in water to form an alkaline solution of Magnesium oxide
Magnesium oxide + Water  Magnesium hydroxide
MgO(s) + H2O(l)  Mg(OH)2(aq)

B. Reaction with Zinc Powder

The Zinc powder turns red hot on strong heating. Yellow solid formed that turn white on cooling. White solid formed on cooling does not dissolve in water.

– Hot Zinc react vigorously in steam forming yellow Zinc oxide solid/ash as residue which cools to white
– Hydrogen gas is produced and extinguishes a burning splint with a pop sound
Zinc + Steam  Zinc oxide + Hydrogen
Zn(s) + H2O(g)  ZnO(s) + H2(g)
– Zinc oxide does not dissolve in water

Read Also:

C. Reaction with Iron Fillings

The Iron fillings turn red hot on strong heating. Dark blue solid formed. The dark blue solid formed does not dissolve in water.

– Hot Iron reacts with steam forming dark blue tri iron tetra oxide solid/ash as residue
– Hydrogen gas is produced and extinguishes a burning splint with a pop sound
Iron + Steam  Tri iron tetra oxide + Hydrogen
2Fe(s) + 4H2O(g  Fe2O4(s) + 4H2(g)

D. Reaction with Aluminium

Aluminium reacts with steam forming an insoluble coat/cover of impervious layer of aluminium oxide on the surface preventing further reaction.

Note

Lead, Copper, Mercury, Silver, Gold and Platinum do not react with either water or steam.

Test Your Knowledge

Click below to generate a short, interactive 5-question quiz based on this lesson.

Don't Miss Out! Join Darasa Huru

Get instant educational updates, notes, books, and alerts straight to your phone.

WhatsApp Channel Telegram Channel
Water and Hydrogen-Reactions of water with Metals - PreviousWater and Hydrogen-HydrogenNext - Water and Hydrogen-Reactions of water with MetalsForm Two

Related articles

No comments yet — be the first to share your thoughts.

Leave a Comment

Share this Doc

Water and Hydrogen-Reactions of water with Metals

Or copy link

CONTENTS

Made with ❤️ by Darasa Huru

Learning BaseContact

Form One Tour Guiding TIE Book PDF Download (New Syllabus)

Starting out in tourism studies requires more than just memorizing facts about n

Form One Technical Drawing TIE Book PDF (New Syllabus)

In alignment with the updated competency-based curriculum provided by the Tanzan

Form One Solar Power Installation TIE Book PDF (New Syllabus)

In alignment with the updated competency-based curriculum provided by the Tanzan

Form One Refrigeration And Air Conditioning TIE Book PDF Download

In accordance with the latest Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) competency-b

Form One Plumbing and Pipe Fitting TIE Book PDF Download

Navigating the web for a clean, complete, and uncorrupted copy of the Form One P

Form One Painting And Signwriting TIE Book PDF Download

If you have spent hours scrolling through different educational sites trying to

Form One Ngoma TIE Book PDF Free Download

If you have been trying to track down an authentic and reliable digital copy of

Form One Netball Performance TIE Book PDF

Are you trying to track down a dependable digital copy of the Form One Netball P

Form One Music Performance TIE Book PDF Download

Trying to track down the official Form One Music Performance TIE book PDF? Findi

Form One Music And Sound Technology TIE Book PDF Download

If you are looking for the official Form One Music And Sound Technology TIE book

Form One Motorcycle Mechanics TIE Book PDF Download

Are you looking for the official Form One Motorcycle Mechanics TIE book PDF for

Form One Motor Vehicle Mechanics TIE Book PDF Download

Trying to find the official Form One Motor Vehicle Mechanics TIE book PDF for yo

Chat Icon Close Icon

Subscribe

×
Cancel