THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF TANZANIA

CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION EXAMINATION

011 CIVICS

(For Both School and Private Candidates)

Time: 3 Hours NSWERS Year: 2024

Instructions

1. This paper consists of sections A, B and C with a total of eleven (11) questions.
2. Answer all questions in sections A and B and two (2) questions from section C.
3. Communication devices and any unauthorised materials are not allowed in the examination room.
4. Write your Examination Number on every page of your answer booklet(s).

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SECTION A

(i) Which animal symbolically reminds Tanzanians to understand their country by viewing life from different angles?

A. The Lion
B. The Elephant
C. The Giraffe
D. The Leopard
E. The Buffalo

Correct answer: C. The Giraffe

Reason: The giraffe is tall and can see things from different perspectives, symbolically teaching Tanzanians to view life and issues from various angles.

(ii) Neema was quoted saying “At our school there is fair treatment of both girls and boys to make us fulfill our academic goal.” Which concept best explains Neema’s observation?

A. Gender equality
B. Gender analysis
C. Gender stereotype
D. Gender blindness
E. Gender equity

Correct answer: A. Gender equality

Reason: Gender equality means giving boys and girls equal opportunities and fair treatment in education and other activities, just as Neema described.

(iii) Suppose three sovereign countries have surrendered their total independence and autonomy to form one country, what will be the form of a newly formed government?

A. Federal government
B. Republic government
C. Union government
D. Transitional government
E. Monarch government

Correct answer: C. Union government

Reason: A union government is formed when independent states join together to become one political unit, surrendering their sovereignty.

(iv) Which term is a best description of a situation where people lack access to education, health services, productive skills, information and political freedom?

A. Income poverty
B. Non-material poverty
C. Material poverty
D. Absolute poverty
E. Vicious circle of poverty

Correct answer: B. Non-material poverty

Reason: Non-material poverty refers to lack of access to social services such as education, health, skills and political freedom, not just money or resources.

(v) The shape, colour and text of the road signs should give clear message to road users. Which one of the following is the correct interpretation of the road signs?

A. Round, triangle shape and colours give information to the road users
B. Triangle shape with thick red borders warns the vehicles or road user
C. Octagon, pentagon and cross enforce traffic laws and regulation
D. Symbols and signs inform and direct road users on a proper use of roads
E. Triangle, pentagon and octagon shape permit road users to act accordingly

Correct answer: B. Triangle shape with thick red borders warns the vehicles or road user

Reason: Road signs with triangular shape and red borders are universally recognized as warning signs to alert drivers and pedestrians of dangers ahead.

(vi) Mr. Mashaka and Ms. Siwema got married in 2015 and managed to bear two children who both passed away in 2019 due to Covid-19. Despite that loss, they still live together peacefully. How would you classify Mr. Mashaka family?

A. Nucleus family
B. Child-headed family
C. Extended family
D. Single parent family
E. Couple family

Correct answer: E. Couple family

Reason: Since the couple continues to live together without children, the family is classified as a couple family.

(vii) How would you arrange the following components to form an effective communication model?
(i) Message (ii) Feedback (iii) Channel (iv) Receiver (v) Sender

A. (i), (ii), (iii), (v) and (iv)
B. (ii), (v), (i), (iv) and (iii)
C. (v), (i), (iii), (iv) and (ii)
D. (v), (i), (iii), (ii) and (iv)
E. (iii), (i), (iv), (ii) and (v)

Correct answer: C. (v), (i), (iii), (iv) and (ii)

Reason: Effective communication begins with a sender (v), who sends a message (i) through a channel (iii) to a receiver (iv), and finally the receiver provides feedback (ii).

(viii) Why individual rights are sometimes legitimately limited in most democratic states?

A. To protect private interests of public officials
B. To protect state security and rights of others
C. To make people aware of their rights
D. To promote mob justice and related malpractices
E. To help some people enjoy their rights more than others

Correct answer: B. To protect state security and rights of others

Reason: Individual rights are limited when they endanger public safety, state security, or infringe on the rights of others, which maintains balance in a democratic state.

(ix) Suppose you live in a society which is widely affected by female genital mutilation practices, which measures will you take to address such a challenge?

(i) The society will be advised against high dowry payment
(ii) The government to enact strict laws against female genital mutilation practitioners
(iii) The society will be educated on the negative effects of female genital mutilation
(iv) The girls likely to be victims will be advised to run away from villages
(v) Participatory measures will be applied so as to expose and discourage those who mutilate female
(vi) Regular medical and psychological treatments will be administered to victims of female genital mutilation.

A. (i), (ii) and (vi)
B. (i), (iii) and (iv)
C. (ii), (iv) and (v)
D. (iv), (v) and (vi)
E. (ii), (iii) and (v)

Correct answer: E. (ii), (iii) and (v)

Reason: The most effective measures include enacting strict laws against perpetrators, educating the community, and encouraging participatory measures to discourage the practice.

(x) Maneno is undecided on his future career following his excellent performance in the recent national Form Four examinations. Which procedure should be the first one to observe in his career choice?

A. Visiting certain organizations to learn about work related activities
B. Browsing the Internet and social network such as Facebook and Twitter
C. Seeking advise from parents and guardians pertaining to a given career
D. Finding information on different careers from the community
E. Making self-assessment of his talents, interests and goals

Correct answer: E. Making self-assessment of his talents, interests and goals

Reason: The first step in career choice is self-assessment, where one evaluates talents, skills, interests, and goals before seeking external advice or information.

SECTION B

2. Match the description of economic integration in List A with the correct form of the economic integration in List B by writing the letter of the corresponding response beside the item number.

List A

List B

(i) A form of economic cooperation whereby tariffs on imported goods among member countries are significantly reduced. (ii) A form of economic cooperation whereby member states set common external tariffs to imports from non-member states. (iii) A form of economic cooperation whereby services and capital are free to move within member countries. (iv) A form of economic cooperation whereby member states have harmonized tax rates, common monetary and fiscal policy. (v) A member state economic ability to produce a particular good and services at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partners. (vi) An advanced economic cooperation whereby the sovereignty of member states is significantly reduced.

A. Economies of scale B. Trade complementarity C. Political union D. Free trade E. Economic union F. Common Market G. Custom union H. Comparative advantage

Answers:
(i) D  (ii) G  (iii) F  (iv) E  (v) H  (vi) C

SECTION C

3. In six points, briefly explain civic duties a Tanzanian citizen is expected to perform for his own and national development.

• Obeying the laws of the country. By following established rules, citizens help maintain peace, security, and order which are necessary for both personal and national development.
• Participating in elections. Voting allows citizens to choose responsible leaders who will ensure proper governance and development in Tanzania.
• Citizens are expected to pay taxes regularly. Taxes are the main source of government revenue used to finance national projects such as schools, hospitals, and infrastructure.
• It is also a duty of citizens to protect the environment. By engaging in activities such as tree planting and waste management, citizens promote sustainable development and protect natural resources.
• Defending the nation is another important civic duty. Citizens should be ready to protect the country against internal and external threats to preserve peace and security.
• Finally, citizens should participate in community development projects. By engaging in building schools, hospitals, or maintaining roads, they directly contribute to improving the living standards of society.

4. Identify six ways that can help the youth in Tanzania avoid irrational decisions in their daily life.

• Through education. By providing quality education, the youth gain knowledge and critical thinking skills that enable them to make rational decisions.
• Guidance and counseling. Counseling services in schools and communities help youth deal with challenges and avoid making impulsive or destructive decisions.
• Parental involvement also plays a role. When parents engage with their children, guiding them in life choices, the youth are less likely to fall into irrational behavior.
• Religious and moral teachings can also help. By instilling moral values, youth are guided to live responsibly and avoid harmful choices.
• The government and NGOs can provide job opportunities. Employment reduces idleness and poverty, which often lead to irrational decisions like drug abuse or crime.
• Peer education programs also help. Positive peer groups encourage good behavior and discourage harmful practices, shaping the youth to make better decisions.

5. How would you defend the view that culture plays a significant role in any society? Give six points.

• Culture preserves identity. It gives people a sense of belonging and pride by reminding them of their history, language, and traditions.
• Culture guides behavior. Shared norms and values provide rules of conduct that regulate how members of society interact with one another.
• Culture strengthens unity. Festivals, traditional ceremonies, and customs bring people together, fostering social cohesion and solidarity.
• Culture supports development. Certain cultural practices encourage hard work, cooperation, and innovation which help in economic growth.
• Culture promotes moral values. Through customs and traditions, societies transmit values such as respect, honesty, and responsibility to younger generations.
• Culture enhances communication. Shared language and symbols enable people to understand each other better and build stronger communities.

6. Why most modern societies prefer indirect democracy to other forms of democracy? Give six brief points.

• Indirect democracy ensures efficiency. Instead of all citizens voting on every issue, representatives make decisions quickly on their behalf.
• It promotes expertise. Elected leaders are expected to have the skills and knowledge to make informed decisions on complex issues.
• Indirect democracy saves time. Citizens delegate decision-making to their representatives while they focus on their daily activities.
• It enhances accountability. Representatives can be questioned and removed through elections if they fail to serve the people’s interests.
• Indirect democracy provides stability. Leaders govern within legal frameworks, ensuring that decisions are not chaotic or influenced by mob rule.
• It allows inclusivity. Through elected representatives, even minority groups can have their voices heard and represented in government.

7. In six points, briefly show the importance of having good student’s leadership in your school.

• Good student leadership promotes discipline. Leaders set a good example and enforce school rules among their peers.
• Student leaders act as a bridge between teachers and students. They communicate student concerns and help resolve conflicts peacefully.
• Leadership improves academic performance. Leaders encourage their peers to study hard, participate in group discussions, and support weaker students.
• Good leadership creates unity. Leaders organize events and activities that bring students together, strengthening cooperation and teamwork.
• Leadership builds responsibility. Student leaders learn important life skills such as decision-making, communication, and problem-solving.
• Finally, good leadership motivates others. Students are inspired by leaders who work hard and behave responsibly, encouraging positive change.

8. Briefly explain the role of six agents of socialization in promoting and preserving the cultural values in Tanzania.

• The family is the first agent of socialization. It teaches children language, traditions, and values such as respect and responsibility from an early age.
• Schools play a big role. They provide formal education while also teaching civic responsibilities, history, and cultural practices of Tanzania.
• Religious institutions promote moral and spiritual values. They teach honesty, compassion, and social responsibility which are key cultural elements.
• Peers also contribute. Friends influence behavior, and positive peer groups encourage cultural practices such as teamwork and respect.
• The media spreads information and educates the public about Tanzanian culture, traditions, and national unity through radio, TV, and social media.
• The government plays a role as well. Through policies, celebrations, and preservation of national heritage, it ensures cultural values are maintained and passed on to future generations.

9. The Tanzania Government is currently implementing a number of strategic development projects that require massive funds. Explain five major areas in which the government can get the fund.

• The government can get funds from taxation. By collecting taxes on income, goods, and services, the state generates a major source of revenue to finance development projects.
• It can also obtain funds through loans. Tanzania borrows money from international financial institutions such as the World Bank and IMF to support large-scale development initiatives.
• Grants and donations provide another source. Development partners and friendly countries offer grants to Tanzania to support specific sectors like health, education, and infrastructure.
• The government can also raise funds from natural resources. Revenue collected from the exploitation of minerals, gas, and oil contributes significantly to financing strategic projects.
• Public-private partnerships are another option. By partnering with private investors, the government can mobilize capital and expertise to implement development projects more effectively.

10. Explain five consequences of neglecting timely repair and maintenance of personal and public properties.

• Neglecting timely repair reduces the lifespan of properties. Failure to maintain infrastructure such as roads, bridges, and buildings causes them to deteriorate faster.
• It leads to high repair costs. When small issues are ignored, they worsen over time, resulting in expensive repairs or total replacement.
• Poor maintenance causes accidents. Broken roads, faulty machines, or neglected equipment may lead to injuries or even loss of life.
• It discourages economic growth. Damaged infrastructure disrupts transport, trade, and productivity, limiting development opportunities.
• Neglecting maintenance creates a poor image. Public facilities like schools and hospitals appear unattractive and unreliable, lowering people’s trust in the government.

11. Propose five strategies that should be considered by the Government to ensure the sustainability in provision of clean and safe water to the majority of Tanzanians.

• The government should invest in water infrastructure. Constructing and maintaining dams, boreholes, and water pipelines ensures reliable access to clean water.
• It should also promote water conservation. Educating communities on the proper use of water and encouraging rainwater harvesting reduces wastage.
• Treatment of water sources is another strategy. By purifying water through modern technologies, the government ensures it is safe for human consumption.
• The government should protect natural water sources. Safeguarding rivers, lakes, and wetlands from pollution and deforestation sustains water availability for future generations.
• Finally, the government can strengthen partnerships. Working with NGOs, international organizations, and private investors can mobilize more resources for sustainable water supply projects.

End of Answers • Year 2024