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Waves II

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Properties of waves

– Waves exhibit various properties which can be conveniently demonstrated using the ripple tank. It consists of a transparent tray filled with water and a white screen as the bottom.
– On top we have a source of light. A small electric motor (vibrator) is connected to cause the disturbance which produces waves.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

The wave fronts represent wave patterns as they move along.

Rectilinear propagation

This is the property of the waves travelling in straight lines and perpendicular to the wave front.
The following diagrams represent rectilinear propagation of water waves.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two
Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

Refraction of Waves

– This is the change of direction of waves at a boundary when they move from one medium to another.
– The change of direction occurs at the boundary between deep and shallow waters and only when the waves hit the boundary at an angle.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two
Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

Diffraction of waves

This occurs when waves pass an edge of an obstacle or a narrow gap, they tend to bend around the corner and spread out beyond the obstacle or gap.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

Interference of waves

– This occurs when two waves merge and the result can be a much larger wave, smaller wave or no wave at all. When the waves are in phase they add up and reinforce each other.
– This is called a constructive interference and when out of phase they cancel each other out and this is known as destructive interference.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

– A ripple tank can be used to produce both constructive and destructive waves as shown below in the following diagram.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

Interference in sound
– Two loud speakers L1 and L2 are connected to the same signal generator so that sound waves from each of them are in phase.
– The two speakers are separated by a distance of the order of wavelengths i.e. 0.5 m apart for sound frequency of 1,000 Hz.

Furniture From Wood - Geography Form Two

– If you walk along line AB about 2m away from the speakers, the intensity of sound rises and falls alternately hence both destructive and constructive interference will be experienced.

Stationary waves

– They are also known as standing waves and are formed when two equal progressive waves travelling in opposite direction are superposed on each other.
– When the two speakers are placed facing each other they produce standing waves.
– A rope tied at one end will still produce stationary waves.

Test Your Knowledge

Click below to generate a short, interactive 5-question quiz based on this lesson.

Waves II - PreviousCurrent Electricity IINext - Waves IIElectrostatics II

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CONTENTS

Made with ❤️ by Darasa Huru

Learning BaseContact

Kiswahili Syllabus F5-F6

MUHTASARI WA KISWAHILI ELIMU YA SEKONDARI KIDATO CHA V–VI Kiswahili Syllabus F5-

Kiswahili Syllabus Fasihi Ya Kiswahili F5-F6

MUHTASARI WA FASIHI YA KISWAHILI ELIMU YA SEKONDARI KIDATO CHA V– VI Kiswahili S

Kiswahili Syllabus Fasihi Ya Kiswahili F3-F4

MUHTASARI WA FASIHI YA KISWAHILI ELIMU YA SEKONDARI KIDATO CHA III–IV Kiswahili

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