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Uhakiki Wa Kazi Za Fasihi Andishi

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Summary: Fasihi andishi ni tawi la fasihi linalotumia sanaa ya maneno kufikisha ujumbe kwa hadhira kwa njia ya maandishi. Zipo aina nyingi za fasihi andishi, miongoni mwa hizo ni pamoja na hadithi fupi, riwaya, tamthiliya na mashairi.

Fani katika Ushairi wa Wasakatonge

Mwandishi: Taasisi ya Kiswahili, Zanzibar
Wachapishaji: Oxford University Press
Mwaka: 2001

Jina la Kitabu

Jina la kitabu Wasakatonge linasadifu yaliyomo ndani yake. Maudhui yanayoelezwa yanagusa jamii ya sasa, ikiwemo masuala ya maadili, siasa, uchumi, na ukombozi wa kiutamaduni. Pia inajadili changamoto na suluhisho la matatizo yanayoikumba jamii, hivyo jina la kitabu linaendana na maudhui yake. Kifani, Malenga wapya wameweka muundo na mtindo wa kisasa unaovutia.

Muundo

Katika hakiki ya muundo wa ushairi, tunaangalia idadi ya mistari katika ubeti. Ubeti unaweza kuwa na mistari miwili, mitatu, minne, na kuendelea. Aina za muundo zimepewa istilahi maalum ili kutofautisha aina moja na nyingine. Mfano:

Tathlitha:
Mashairi yenye mistari mitatu kwa kila beti. Mengi ya mashairi haya ni ya kisasa. Mfano ni shairi la “Hali Halisi”, “Puuzo”, “Ua”, “Kuunge”, na “Tunzo”.

Shairi la Ua:
“Ua limejituliza mtini laning’inia,
Mwenyewe laniliwaza, furahani lanitia,
Ua sasa limepea, macho walikodolea.”

Tarbia:
Mashairi yenye mistari minne kwa kila beti. Mfano ni shairi la “Kitendawili”, “Mkulima”, “Majonzi”, “Bahari”, “Samaki Mtungoni”, “Kifungo”, na mengine mengi.

Shairi la Kifungo:
“Miaka imeshapita, sasa najiamkia,
Naanza bila kusita, bahati kujitafutia,
Hapo nitapoipata, mola jishukuria,
Kifungo kimenichosha, minyororo nafungua.”

Takhmisa:
Mashairi yenye muundo wa mistari mitano katika kila ubeti. Mfano ni mashairi ya “Siharakie Maisha” na “Israfu”.

Shairi la Israfu:
“Mali ulojichumia,
Ni yako nakubalia,
Lakini kiangalia,
Vipi unaitumia,
Mwenzangu nakuusia israfu haifai.”

Sabilia:
Mashairi yenye mistari kuanzia sita na kuendelea. Mfano ni shairi la “Punda” na “Pasua Uwape Ukweli”.

Shairi la Punda:
“Toka ulipozaliwa, maishayo ni kizogo,
Hujapata kuenziwa, waishi tiriigivyogo,
Nawe hujajielewa, u kiumbe hu kigogo,
Kama ungefadhiliwa, usingebeba mzigo,
Hakika ulionewa, hustahili kipigo,
Haki umeitambua, idadi japo kidogo.”

Mtindo

Imetumika mitindo ya aina zote mbili, ya kisasa na ya kimapokeo.

Mtindo wa Kisasa:
Mtindo ambao haufuati kanuni za urari wa vina na mizani katika beti. Huitwa pia mashairi huru. Mfano wa mashairi yaliyotumia mtindo wa kisasa ni “Pasua Uwape Ukweli” na “Haki”.

Mtindo wa Kimapokeo:
Mtindo huu hufuata kanuni na sheria zote za vina na mizani katika utunzi wake. Mara nyingi huwa na mistari minne katika kila ubeti. Mashairi mengi yaliyotumia mtindo huu ni ya kimapokeo.

Katika Wasakatonge, matumizi ya mitindo hii miwili yanaonyesha ubunifu wa Malenga wapya na uwezo wao wa kuwasilisha ujumbe kwa njia mbalimbali, ili kuvutia wasomaji wa rika zote na kuendana na mabadiliko ya nyakati.

Mfano wa mashairi yaliyotumia mtindo wa kisasa ni mashairi ya“Pasua uwape ukweli”, “Haki” “Payuka

Screen Shot 2016 07 27 at 16.13.08 1469625248191

Pia mfano wa mashairi ya kimapokeo ni shairi la“Mkulima”, “Bahari”, “Tuyazingatie haya” “Nipate wapi mwingine”.

MATUMIZI YA LUGHA

Diwani ya malenga wapya imetumia lugha yenye ubunifu bora wa kisanaa.Vilevile ni lugha rahisi na sanifu inayoeleweka kwa hadhira lengwa.

Tamathali za Semi

  • Tashibiha:“Nizikwe kama wezangu, nisitupwe kama paka” –Shairi la“Nini wanangu”.“Hata pamoja muweko, ubaguzi umezama,kama nguzo” –Shairi la“Tunzo ubeti wa nne”.“Mfanowe kama radi, chini inapoanguka”.-Shairi la“Nipate wapi mwingine”.“Nikabaki kama ng’onda” –Shairi la“Nipatieni dawa”.“Maisha ni kama njia”-Shairi la“Maisha ni kama njia”.“Yameotewa na kombe, mithili gome la mti”-Shairi la“Bahari ubeti wa pili”.
  • Tashihisi:“Ewe ulimi sikia” –Shairi la“Ulimi”.“Haki wa tutisha,tusikuandame,kwa matendo yetu” –Shairi la“Haki ubeti wa kwanza”.“Njiwa ameishanitoka, nipate wapi mwingine”-Shairi la“Nipate wapi mwingine”.“Samaki wasikitika, kudai walikotoka, Wote wamekasirika, uhuru wanachotaka,”-Shairi la“samaki mtungoni”.
  • Sitiari:“wamejipa uwezo wa Rabuka” – “Mpaka lini”“Paka shume jigeuza” – “Kwanini?”“mshumaa ” – “Hali halisi”

Mbinu nyingine za kisanaa

  • Onomatopea/ tanakali sauti:“kokoriko”- “Mkulima”“Parakacha” – “kwanini”.
  • Takriri:“Charuka” – “charuka”
  • Tashititi:“Nasikia mnatunga mwatungani washairi?” “mwabwaja mwasema nini”

Matumizi ya semi

  • Methali:“Simwamshe asilani aliyelala usingizini” – “Payuka”“Fahali wapiganapo, nyasi ndio huumia”- “Sokomoko baharini”“Subira yavuta heri”- “Siharakie maisha”

Matumizi ya taswira

  • “Samaki” – wanyonge – “samaki mtungoni”
  • “Ua” – mpenzi – “Ua”
  • “Punda”-wanyonge – “Punda”
  • “Mvuvi” – wanyonyaji – “Samaki mtungoni”
  • “Njiwa” – mpenzi – “Nipate wapi mwingine”
  • “Baharini” – nchi – “Sokomoko”
  • “Abiria”- wananchi –“Sokomoko”
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