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Uhakiki Wa Kazi Za Fasihi Andishi

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Summary: Fasihi andishi ni tawi la fasihi linalotumia sanaa ya maneno kufikisha ujumbe kwa hadhira kwa njia ya maandishi. Zipo aina nyingi za fasihi andishi, miongoni mwa hizo ni pamoja na hadithi fupi, riwaya, tamthiliya na mashairi.

Fani katika Ushairi wa Malenga Wapya

Hakiki Fani katika Ushairi wa Malenga Wapya

MWANDISHI: TAASISI YA KISWAHILI, ZANZIBAR

WACHAPISHAJI: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

MWAKA: 2001

JINA LA KITABU

Jina la kitabu linasadifu yaliyomo katika kitabu. Kwa upande wa maudhui mambo yanayoelezwa mengi yanaigusa jamii ya sasa. Masuala ya maadili, siasa, uchumi, ukombozi wa kiutamaduni changamoto na suluhisho ya matatizo yanayoikumba jamii yanaendana na wakati wa sasa. Hivyo upya wa malenga wapya ni kweli. Kifani pia Malenga wapya wameweka muundo na mtindo wa kisasa.

MUUNDO

Tunapohakiki muundo katika ushairi tunaangalia idadi ya mistari katika ubeti. Ubeti huweza kuwa na mistari miwili, mitatu, minne na kuendelea. Aina za muundo zimepewa istilahi maalum kuutofautisha aina moja na nyingine mfano mashiri yenye mistari miwili katika ubeti ni Tathnia. Imetumika miundo tofautitofauti katika diwani hii. Mfano:

Tathlitha

Haya ni mashairi ambayo yana mistari mitatu kwa kila beti, mengi ya mashairi haya ni ya kisasa. Mfano ni shairi la“Hali halisi”, “Puuzo”, “Ua”, “Kuunge”, “Tunzo”.

Tarbia

Haya ni mashairi yenye mistari mine. Mfano ni shairi la“Kitendawili”, “Mkulima”, “Majonzi”, “Bahari”, “Samaki mtungoni” “Kifungo”,na mengine mengi.

Takhmisa

Haya huwa na muundo wa mistari mitano katika kila ubeti. Mfano ni mashairi ya“Siharakie maisha”, na “Israfu”.

Sabilia

Haya ni mashairi yenye mistari kuanzia sita na kuendelea. Mfano ni shairi la“Punda”na “Pasua uwape ukweli”

MTINDO

Imetumika mitindo ya aina zote mbili. Kwanza wametumia mtindo wa kisasa. Huu ni mtindo ambao haufuati kanuni za urari wa vina na mizani katika beti pia huitwa mashairi huru. Mtindo mwingine ni mtindo wa kimapokeo, huu hufuata kanuni na sheria zote za vina na mizani katika utunzi wake. Mara nyingi huwa na mistari minne katika kila ubeti.

Mfano wa mashairi yaliyotumia mtindo wa kisasa ni mashairi ya“Pasua uwape ukweli”, “Haki”. “Payuka”. Mfano shairi la Pasua uwape ukweli

Pia mfano wa mashairi ya kimapokeo ni shairi la“Mkulima”, “Bahari”, “Tuyazingatie haya” “Nipate wapi mwingine”.

MATUMIZI YA LUGHA

Diwani ya malenga wapya imetumia lugha yenye ubunifu bora wa kisanaa.Vilevile ni lugha rahisi na sanifu inayoeleweka kwa hadhira lengwa.

TAMATHALI ZA SEMI

  • Tashibiha:“Nizikwe kama wezangu, nisitupwe kama paka” –Shairi la“Nini wanangu”.“Hata pamoja muweko, ubaguzi umezama,kama nguzo” –Shairi la“Tunzo ubeti wa nne”.“Mfanowe kama radi, chini inapoanguka”.-Shairi la“Nipate wapi mwingine”.“Nikabaki kama ng’onda” –Shairi la“Nipatieni dawa”.“Maisha ni kama njia”-Shairi la“Maisha ni kama njia”.“Yameotewa na kombe, mithili gome la mti”-Shairi la“Bahari ubeti wa pili”.
  • Tashihisi:“Ewe ulimi sikia” –Shairi la“Ulimi”.“Haki wa tutisha,tusikuandame,kwa matendo yetu” –Shairi la“Haki ubeti wa kwanza”.“Njiwa ameishanitoka, nipate wapi mwingine”-Shairi la“Nipate wapi mwingine”.“Samaki wasikitika, kudai walikotoka, Wote wamekasirika, uhuru wanachotaka,”-Shairi la“samaki mtungoni”.
  • Sitiari:“wamejipa uwezo wa Rabuka” – “Mpaka lini”“Paka shume jigeuza” – “Kwanini?”“mshumaa ” – “Hali halisi”Mbinu nyingine za kisanaa.
  • Onomatopea/ tanakali sauti:“kokoriko”- “Mkulima”“Parakacha” – “kwanini”.
  • Takriri:“Charuka” – “charuka”
  • Tashititi:“Nasikia mnatunga mwatungani washairi?” “mwabwaja mwasema nini”Matumizi ya semi
  • Methali:“Simwamshe asilani aliyelala usingizini” – “Payuka”“Fahali wapiganapo, nyasi ndio huumia”- “Sokomoko baharini”“Subira yavuta heri”- “Siharakie maisha”
  • Taswira:Matumizi ya taswira“Samaki” – wanyonge – “samaki mtungoni”“Ua” – mpenzi – “Ua”“Punda”-wanyonge – “Punda”“Mvuvi” – wanyonyaji – “Samaki mtungoni”“Njiwa” – mpenzi – “Nipate wapi mwingine”“Baharini” – nchi – “Sokomoko”;“Abiria”- wananchi –“Sokomoko”

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