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Introduction to Carbon and its Compounds – All living things contain carbon compounds.– These include carbohydrates, proteins, fats among others. Petrol, oil and wood are carbon compounds.– Carbon is incorporated in plants from carbon(IV) oxide during photosynthesis.– Carbon is one
1. Ionic Chemical Bonding – Consider a specific case of ionic bonding between real elements, such as sodium and chlorine.– A sodium atom contains 11 protons and has an electronic arrangement of 2.8.1.– The arrangement differs from the nearest noble gas electronic
Introduction to Chemical Families The physical and chemical properties of elements and their compounds are highly dependent upon the number of electrons that are found in their outermost energy level. When elements are arranged in the periodic table in order
The are there are about 119 known elementsThe following illustration shows the names and symbols of first 20 elements of the periodic table. Atoms are very small particles of an element, but they contain even smaller particles called sub-atomic particles
Introduction to Reactions of Water and Metals Some metals react with water while others do not.The reaction of metals with water depends on the reactivity series.The higher the metal in the reactivity series the more reactive the metal with water
Introduction to Hydrogen (Water and Hydrogen) – Hydrogen does not occur free in nature.– It occurs as water and in petroleum. An experiment is conducted as follows;– Put Zinc granules in a round/flat/conical flask– Add dilute sulphuric acid or Hydrochloric
Introduction to Water (Water and Hydrogen) Last Updated: 3rd February, 2021 Pure water is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, neutral liquid.Pure water does not exist in nature but naturally in varying degree of purity.The main sources of water include rain, springs,
Introduction to Chemical Properties of Oxygen – Oxygen is a very reactive non metal.– Many elements react with oxygen through burning to form a group of compounds called oxides.– Burning/combustion is the reaction of Oxygen with an element/substances.– Reaction in which a substance
The atmosphere is made up of air, a mixture of colourless, odorless gases which is felt as wind.There are various gases in the atmosphere a listed below with their percentage composition; There are different experiments that could be used to
Chemistry is defined as the branch of science that deals with the structure composition, properties and behavior of matter. The Role of Chemistry in Society (i) Washing/cleaning with soap(ii) Understanding chemicals of life(iii) Baking(iv) Medicine(v) Fractional distillation of crude oil(vi)
What is Agriculture? Agriculture refers to a fundamental human activity, which i...
POPULATION STUDIES Is the general activities carried out for the purpose of acqu...
CONCEPT OF SOIL AND SOIL PROFILE Soil appears very complex and thus differe...
GROUND WATER WATER CYCLE Rain falls on the earth surface in filtrates (soaks int...
THEORIES THEORY OF ISOSTASY Denudation has been going on the continents where to...
GLOBE Is the model of the earth Earth Is ball of rock partly covered by wat...
Photograph are the true image pictures showing truly appearance of the earth’s...
What is a map? Map is a scaled conventional representation of the whole or any o...
INTRODUCTION TO SURVEYING Surveying is an art or a science of measuring and reco...
Definitions of Research – Research is the systematic investigation into a...
STATISTICS Statistics is a branch that deals with every aspect of the data. Stat...
