– At a school laboratory:– An acid may be defined as a substance that turn litmus red.– A base may be defined as a substance that turn litmus blue.– Litmus is a lichen found mainly in West Africa.– It changes its colour…
Introduction to Oxides of Nitrogen Nitrogen has a position in second period of group V in the modern periodic table. It has molecular formula N2. It has atomic number 7 and atomic weight 14.08 and its electronic configuration of 2,5.…
Alkynes Hydrocarbons that have two carbon atoms in a triple bond are called alkynes Naming Alkynes These are hydrocarbons with a general formula CnH2n-2 where n is the number of Carbon atoms in a molecule. The C≡C triple bond as the functional group.A functional group is…
Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline of chemistry that studies the structure, properties and reactions of organic compounds, which contain carbon in covalent bonding.
Introduction to Carbon and its Compounds – All living things contain carbon compounds.– These include carbohydrates, proteins, fats among others. Petrol, oil and wood are carbon compounds.– Carbon is incorporated in plants from carbon(IV) oxide during photosynthesis.– Carbon is one…
1. Ionic Chemical Bonding – Consider a specific case of ionic bonding between real elements, such as sodium and chlorine.– A sodium atom contains 11 protons and has an electronic arrangement of 2.8.1.– The arrangement differs from the nearest noble gas electronic…
Introduction to Chemical Families The physical and chemical properties of elements and their compounds are highly dependent upon the number of electrons that are found in their outermost energy level. When elements are arranged in the periodic table in order…
The are there are about 119 known elementsThe following illustration shows the names and symbols of first 20 elements of the periodic table. Atoms are very small particles of an element, but they contain even smaller particles called sub-atomic particles…
Introduction to Reactions of Water and Metals Some metals react with water while others do not.The reaction of metals with water depends on the reactivity series.The higher the metal in the reactivity series the more reactive the metal with water…
Translation is a process by which ideas that are written in one language ar...
Are the abilities that allow you to write effectively and concisely. A competent...
Reading is the process of going through written information or piece of wor...
What is Speaking? SPEAKING SKILLS: Speaking is simply the act of talking wh...
Listening is ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communi...
This is the field or branch of morphology which studies different principles or ...
Language is a symbol system based on pure or arbitrary conventions…...
Ecology is the study of the interactions between living things, such as humans, ...
EVOLUTION Evolution is a change in the genetic composition of a population...
Genetics is the study of heredity and variationHeredity- is the passage of chara...