What is Mining? Process of extracting valuable minerals from the earths surface. Formations in Which Minerals Occur i) Veins and Lodes – Occurrence of minerals in crevices, cracks or faults in igneous rocks. ii) Reef – Veins and lodes which
Minerals -Inorganic substances occurring naturally at or below the earth’s surface. Characteristics of Minerals Types of Minerals Rocks – A consolidated material composed of grains of one or more minerals. Classification of Rocks 1. Igneous Rocks -Rocks formed when molten
What is Weather? Weather is the daily atmospheric condition of a place at a particular time. The elements of weather are: A Weather Station A place where observation, measuring and recording of weather elements is done. Factors to Be Taken
The Sun It’s the centre of the universe. Characteristics of the Sun – It is a starA star is a heavenly possessing its own light which it transmits. Nebula/galaxy is a cluster of stars. The earth is in a galaxy called The Milky Way.– It’s
Introduction to the Solar System – Solar system is the group of heavenly bodies comprising the sun and the nine planets. The origin of the Solar System – Definition: A theory is a set of reasoned ideas intended to explain facts or
Introduction to Geography – It is defined as the scientific study of the earth as a home of man.– Study of interrelationship on natural and human phenomena on the earth’s surface. Environment – Defined as the surroundings– Refers to all
Introduction to Pressure – It is defined as the force acting normally (perpendicularly) per unit area– The SI units for pressure is newton per metre squared (N/m² or Nm-2). – One Nm-2 is known as one Pascal (Pa). Formula for Pressure – pressure is
Introduction to Force Force is a push or a pull. Force is therefore that which changes a body’s state of motion or shape.The SI unit for force is Newton (N). It is a vector quantity. Types of Forces 1. Gravitational force – this
Measurement comprises of length, area, volume, mass, density and time. Universal System of Units is called system international d’ unites (International System of Units) – SI Units.Below are the major SI Units Basic Quantity SI Unit Symbol Length Metre m Mass Kilogram
Physics is a Greek word meaning nature hence it deals with natural phenomena. What is Physics? – Physics is therefore a science whose objective is the study of components of matter and their mutual interactions.– Physics is also defined as the
Introduction to Carbon and its Compounds – All living things contain carbon compounds.– These include carbohydrates, proteins, fats among others. Petrol, oil and wood are carbon compounds.– Carbon is incorporated in plants from carbon(IV) oxide during photosynthesis.– Carbon is one
1. Ionic Chemical Bonding – Consider a specific case of ionic bonding between real elements, such as sodium and chlorine.– A sodium atom contains 11 protons and has an electronic arrangement of 2.8.1.– The arrangement differs from the nearest noble gas electronic
Introduction to Chemical Families The physical and chemical properties of elements and their compounds are highly dependent upon the number of electrons that are found in their outermost energy level. When elements are arranged in the periodic table in order
The are there are about 119 known elementsThe following illustration shows the names and symbols of first 20 elements of the periodic table. Atoms are very small particles of an element, but they contain even smaller particles called sub-atomic particles
Introduction to Reactions of Water and Metals Some metals react with water while others do not.The reaction of metals with water depends on the reactivity series.The higher the metal in the reactivity series the more reactive the metal with water
Introduction to Hydrogen (Water and Hydrogen) – Hydrogen does not occur free in nature.– It occurs as water and in petroleum. An experiment is conducted as follows;– Put Zinc granules in a round/flat/conical flask– Add dilute sulphuric acid or Hydrochloric
Introduction to Water (Water and Hydrogen) Last Updated: 3rd February, 2021 Pure water is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, neutral liquid.Pure water does not exist in nature but naturally in varying degree of purity.The main sources of water include rain, springs,
Introduction to Chemical Properties of Oxygen – Oxygen is a very reactive non metal.– Many elements react with oxygen through burning to form a group of compounds called oxides.– Burning/combustion is the reaction of Oxygen with an element/substances.– Reaction in which a substance
The atmosphere is made up of air, a mixture of colourless, odorless gases which is felt as wind.There are various gases in the atmosphere a listed below with their percentage composition; There are different experiments that could be used to
Chemistry is defined as the branch of science that deals with the structure composition, properties and behavior of matter. The Role of Chemistry in Society (i) Washing/cleaning with soap(ii) Understanding chemicals of life(iii) Baking(iv) Medicine(v) Fractional distillation of crude oil(vi)
A square is the result of multiplying a number by itself. Squares by Multiplication Find the Square of a) 3 , b) 14 , c) 245 a) 32 = 3 x 3 = 9b) 142 = 14 x 14 = 196c) 2452 = 245 x 245
A decimal is a fraction whose denominator is a power of 10. Express as decimal a) Express the following fraction as a decimal ⅜ Express decimals as fractions a) Express the following decimal as a fraction 0.355 b) Express the
Addition and Subtraction It should be noted that:a) + – = –b) – + = –c) – – = +d) + + = + As a student, please try: ( For this questions, please draw a number line as the one shown above from -14 to +14 )i) 4 + 8ii) -4 + 8iii)
When two numbers are multiplied to get a third number, the two numbers are factors.Consider: a x b = c , a and b are factors of c. c is referred to as the Multiple.A composite number is a number with more than two factors. Factors of Composite numbers a) Write
Place value of digits in numbers helps in reading and performing arithmetic operations.Example 1: A place value chart is show below: 56, 894 Hence the amount in words will be, fifty six thousand, eight hundred and ninety four. Example 2: Use the 875,
In the study of early man, we will seek to answer questions that human beings have always sought to answer about how they appeared on earth, whether they were created and where the universe came from.
Apes to Homo Sapien Sapiens Between 40 and 25 million years ago, the first apes appeared on earth. The first man (Austropithecus) appeared around 4.5 million years ago.Man passed through different stages of evolution as described; From Apes to Modern
Origins of Human Beings A number of theories have been put forward to explain the origin of human beings The Creation theory The Jews, Christians and Muslims recognize the creation story as narrated in the first book of Bible and in Qur’an.It says
What is History The term “History” comes from a Greek word “Historia” which implies “to enquire, to search or to ask for the truth” and there after report what you have found. History can therefore be defined as “the study
Kickstart your journey in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) with the Form One Computer Studies Book, designed for Tanzanian students and learners worldwide. Aligned with the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum, this book covers essential topics such as computer hardware, software,
Discover the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) subject, designed for Tanzanian students and learners worldwide. Aligned with the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum, this course covers a wide range of topics from basic computer literacy to advanced concepts in programming, networking,
Begin your agricultural studies with the Form One Agriculture Book, designed for Tanzanian students and learners worldwide. Aligned with the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum, this book covers fundamental topics such as plant growth, soil types, farm tools, and basic crop
Explore the Agriculture subject, tailored for Tanzanian students and learners worldwide, and aligned with the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum. This comprehensive course covers a wide range of topics, from basic agricultural principles and crop production to advanced concepts in livestock
Start your bookkeeping journey with the Form One Bookkeeping Book, designed for Tanzanian students and learners worldwide. Aligned with the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum, this book introduces fundamental bookkeeping concepts such as the double-entry system, basic journal entries, ledgers, and
Enhance your mathematical skills with the Form One Basic Mathematics Book, designed for Tanzanian students and learners globally. This comprehensive guide covers foundational topics such as arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and measurement, aligned with the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum. With clear
Discover the ultimate Form One Geography Book for Tanzanian students and learners abroad. This comprehensive guide covers essential topics in physical and human geography, tailored to the Tanzanian curriculum. Ideal for students, educators, and self-learners, it provides clear explanations, diagrams,
Discover the Form One Physics Book designed for students following the Tanzanian curriculum and beyond. This comprehensive guide introduces fundamental physics concepts, offering clear explanations, practical examples, and engaging exercises. Perfect for learners in Tanzania and international students, it covers
Explore the comprehensive Form One Chemistry Book designed for Tanzanian students and learners worldwide. This textbook covers foundational concepts in chemistry, tailored to the Tanzanian National Curriculum. With clear explanations, practical examples, and interactive learning exercises, it supports students in
Looking for the perfect Form One Biology book for Tanzanian students? Our textbook offers a complete and detailed approach to the fundamentals of biology, tailored specifically to the Tanzanian secondary school curriculum. With clear explanations, well-structured chapters, and engaging illustrations,
Kitabu hiki cha Kiswahili kwa Kidato cha Kwanza kinatoa mwongozo wa kina kuhusu sarufi, fasihi, na matumizi ya Kiswahili katika muktadha wa kisasa. Kimeandaliwa kwa mujibu wa mtaala wa Tanzania, na kinasaidia wanafunzi kujenga msingi thabiti katika ufanisi wa lugha
Explore the fascinating journey through Tanzania’s past with our comprehensive Form One History textbook. Specifically designed for secondary school students, this book covers the rich history of Tanzania, from early civilizations and pre-colonial societies to the impacts of colonialism and
Filling in Forms Fill in the Varieties of Forms Fill in the Varieties of forms Activity 1 Imagine you are filling in this registration card for your friend. What questions would you ask him or her to fill it in?
This is the process of taking notes, either from spoken or written text. For example, from radio, television broadcasting and different stories or speeches or in the papers.
Writing Friendly Letters Personal Letters Write personal letters Friendly or personal letters are means of communication through letter. We normally write letters to loved ones, including mothers, fathers, uncles, aunts, sisters, brothers, lovers, wives, husbands, teachers, friends, etc. We normally
Analysing Information from the Media Facts from Media Identify facts from media Facts are pieces of information regarded as truth beyond reasonable doubt that can be proved or verified. Activity 1 Read the article below extracted from a newspaper and
Interpreting Simple Stories The Message from Simple Stories Read Explain the message from simple stories read This story is about a man called Masumbuko, hisneighbour and a rope. Masumbuko was friendly to most of his neighbours but there was one
Intensive Reading This refers to reading detailed information for comprehension. We can read intensively about diseases, soil erosion, drug abuse, and child labour. Responding to Specific Questions on Text Read Respond to specific questions on a text read Read the
Talking about Future Plans/Activities This topic enables students to express and talk about future plans or activities at school, home, street, market, shop, hospital etc situations. Talking about future plans/activities is normally done using words and expressions such as ‘will’,
Expressing Past Activities Narrating One’s Character Narrate his/her activities We closed school for the holidays and I was both excited and nervous. I was anxious to see my father and mother so I called my mother to tell her that
Expressing Personal Opinions Expressing your Opinions Express his/her opinions Read the following text about Corporal Punishment School Corporal Punishment refers to the physical punishment of students. I think corporal punishment is bad for the following reasons: Firstly, corporal punishment creates enmity
Expressing Family Relations Expressing Kinship Express kinship My name is Birungi; my mother’s name is Makrita andmy father’s name is Juma. My uncle from my mother’s side is called John and another uncle on my father’s side is called Jamal.
Expressing Likes/Dislikes Likes and Dislikes Express likes and dislikes To talk about your likes and dislikes, you can use these expressions. Expressing likes: Expressing dislikes: Example 1 Examples of likes and dislikes: Things to remember about likes and dislikes: I
Talking about Ongoing Activities Talking about Activities being done by Oneself and/or other Creatures/Things Talk about Activities being done by Oneself and other Creatures/Things Example 1 Examples of ongoing activities Activity 1 Read this conversation and then answer the questions
Expressing Personal Routines/Habits Talking about One’s Home Routines/Habits Talk about his/her home routine/habits My name is Gabriel. I’m a 12 year old Tanzanian living in Bunda town. I wake up early, at about 6 am, then I brush my teeth
This requires students to have knowledge of how to ask for directions and identify the four points of a compass; using various prepositions such as: near to, in front of, beside, behind, under, adjacent to, between, on, in, to, by,
Listening To and Understanding Simple Oral Texts on Events Questions on Simple Oral Texts on Events SPORTS DAY It was Sports Day at our school so students gathered at the playground which was full of students from different schools within
Syllabus - Book Keeping - F1-F4 - 2016-darasahuru.net
Elementary Balance Sheet The Balance Sheet Define the balance sheet The balance sheet, also called the statement of financial position, is the third general purpose financial statement prepared during the accounting cycle. It reports a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity
Elementary Trading Profit and Loss Accounts Final accounts give a concise idea about the profitability and financial position of a business to its management, owners, and other interested parties. All business transactions are first recorded in a journal. They are then
Stock Difference between Stock at Start and Stock at Close Distinguish between stock at start and stock at close Stock is the value of the goods that you have on hand to sell to your customers. If you sell services
Trial Balance Meaning of Trial Balance Define the Trial Balance Trial Balance is a list of closing balances of ledger accounts on a certain date and is the first step towards the preparation of financial statements. It is usually prepared
Classification of Accounts It is necessary to know the classification of accounts and their treatment in double entry system of accounts. Broadly, the accounts are classified into three categories: Let us go through them each of them one by one.
Principles of Double Entry System Describe what a business transaction is An accounting transaction is a business event having a monetary impact on the financial statements of a business. It is recorded in the accounting records of the business. Examples
Subject Matter of Book Keeping The Meaning of Book Keeping Define book keeping Book-keeping is an art of recording financial business transaction in a set of books in terms of money or money worth. Bookkeeping involves the recording, storing and
Bookkeeping is the process of recording, organizing, and maintaining financial transactions for a business or individual. It involves tracking all financial activities, such as sales, purchases, receipts, and payments, and ensuring that these transactions are accurately documented in the company’s
Syllabus - Commerce - F1-F4 - 2016-darasahuru.net
Production Meaning of the Term “Production” Define the term “Production” Production-is any activities, which results in the creation of goods and services in order to satisfy human wants. In economics sense, production is for exchanging, In the general meaning production
The Scope of Commerce The Nature and the Subject Matter of Commerce Explain the nature and the subject matter of commerce THE MEANING OF COMMERCE The scope of commerce means areas of study covered in commerce. It comprises the study
Commerce refers to the activity of buying and selling goods and services, especially on a large scale. It encompasses the entire process of exchanging goods or services for money, and it involves various activities like trade, distribution, marketing, and the
Syllabus - Basic Math - F1-F4 - 2017-darasahuru.net
Perimeters of Triangles and Quadrilaterals Find the perimeters of triangles and quadrilaterals Perimeter – is defined as the total length of a closed shape. It is obtained by adding the lengths of the sides inclosing the shape. Perimeter can be
Coordinates of a Point Read the coordinates of a point Coordinates of a points – are the values of ? and ? enclosed by the bracket which are used to describe the position of a point in the plane The
Ratio A ratio – is a way of comparing quantities measured in the same units Examples of ratios NOTE: Ratios can be simplified like fractions A Ratio in its Simplest Form Express a ratio in its simplest form Example 1 Simplify
Rational Numbers A Rational Number Define a rational number A Rational Number is a real number that can be written as a simple fraction (i.e. as a ratio). Most numbers we use in everyday life are Rational Numbers. Number As a Fraction Rational?
An algebraic expression – is a collection of numbers, variables, operators and grouping symbols. Variables – are letters used to represent one or more numbers
Points and Lines The Concept of a Point Explain the concept of a point A point – is a smallest geometric figure which gives a position of object in a plane A line segment – is a straight line joining two points
Measurements can be rounded to a certain number of significant figures. Approximation- is a process of rounding numbers to a certain degree of accuracy. A number can be rounded to a certain required place value such as to the nearest
A unit – is defined as a symbol or sign which is assigned to a number to describe a kind of measurement made
Decimals The Concept of Decimals Explain the concept of decimals A decimal- is defined as a number which consist of two parts separated by a point.The parts are whole number part and fractional part Example 1 Example 2 Conversion of
A fraction is a number which is expressed in the form of a/b where a – is the top number called numerator and b– is the bottom number called denominator.
We know that when we count we start 1,2 …. . But there are other numbers like 0, negative numbers and decimals. All these types of numbers are categorized in different groups like counting numbers, integers,real numbers, whole numbers and
Explain the concept of light Light can carry both energy and information. It both is the way the sun delivers energy to the world, making life possible, and it is a very important way that we learn about the world,
Explain the concept of work If a person pushes a wall and the wall does not move, though the person may sweat and physically become tired, he would not have done any work. But if the person pushes a trolley
The Concept of Pressure Explain the concept of pressure Pressure is defined as the force per unit area. OR Pressure is the force acting normally (perpendicularly) per unit surface area. It is calculated by the formula: Pressure = Force (f)/Area
State of matter is defined in terms of the phase transitions which indicate the change in structure and properties. Solids, liquids and gases all are made up of microscopic particles. The behavior of all these particles also varies in three
Archimedes’ principle indicates that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially submerged, is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. The Concept of Upthrust Explain
A force is an interaction that causes a change. In mechanics, a force is an interaction that causes a change in velocity (an interaction that causes acceleration).
The Concepts of Measurement Explain the concepts of measurement Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to observations or events. Importance of Measurement in Real Life State the importance of measurement in real life Measurements are so often taken for granted,
Rules in a Physics Laboratory State rules in physics laboratory While working in the lab, individuals are advised to adhere to specific lab rules to ensure their safety, that of other people working in the lab and the safety of
Physics is often described as the study of matter and energy. It is concerned with how matter and energy relate to each other, and how they affect each other over time and through space. Physicists ask the fundamental questions how
Significance of scientific procedure The Concept of Scientific Procedure Explain the concept of scientific procedure The scientific method (procedure) is a process that scientists use to ask questions and conduct investigations to find answers to these problems. It is a
Heat sources Most chemical reactions require heat to proceed. It is therefore important to have sources of heat in a laboratory for heating various reacting substances. Sources of heat in a chemistry laboratory may include Bunsen burner, candle, spirit burner,
A laboratory is a room or building specially designed for conducting various scientific experiments.
When you were in primary school, you used to learn science as a single subject. At this level of study, the subject will be broken up into three related subjects, namely Chemistry, Biology and Physics. The three subjects are closely
The Concept of Classification Explain the concept of classification Have you ever visited a library? How are the books arranged and kept? Are they arranged randomly or systematically? Obviously the books are arranged systematically in the shelves. Science books are
The Concept of Cell Explain the meaning of the cell Plants and animals are made up of units called cells. The cells are microscopic in such a way that they cannot be seen by our naked eyes. Some organisms like
First Aid The Meaning and Importance of First Aid at Home and at School Explain the meaning and importance of first aid at home and at school First Aid is an immediate help which is given to a sick or
Biology is the science that deals with the study of living things. The word Biology is derived from two Greek words, Bios which means Life, and logos which means study of. Thus biology is a study of life and living
The geography syllabus for secondary school students in Tanzania from Form One to Form Four is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of geographical concepts, skills, and issues. The curriculum emphasizes physical and human geography, environmental studies, and practical geographic
The Concept of a Map Define the concept of a map A map is a representation of an area of the earth’s surface on a flat surface such as paper, wood, board, card, plastic, cloth or some other material. The
Importance of Road/Traffic Signs The Meaning of Road or Traffic Signs Explain the meaning of road or traffic signs A road is a man-made pathway which enables vehicles, pedestrians, and even animals to move from one place to another. There are
Rights and Responsibilities of Family Members Rights of Family Members Family members have specific rights depending on their roles within the family. Parents: Children: Family Stability Family stability refers to a situation where the family is firm, steady, and not
The Concept of Work Meaning of Work In any community, people engage in various activities to earn money and meet their basic needs. These activities, which can be mental or physical, help sustain their lives. Some individuals make bricks for
Concept of Citizenship The Meaning of Citizen and Citizenship The term citizenship comes from the word citizen, which means a person who is accepted as a member and who belongs to a certain country. In Tanzania, a person cannot be
The Meaning and Types of Life Skills Meaning of Life Skills A skill is the ability of an individual to apply his/her mental and physical power to control the environment. Life skills involve thinking, playing, and implementation to solve social,
When two people of the opposite sex get together as husband and wife, they form a family. A family is social group of people who are closely related to each other. A combination of various families forms a Clan. A
Translation is a process by which ideas that are written in one language ar...
Are the abilities that allow you to write effectively and concisely. A competent...
Reading is the process of going through written information or piece of wor...
What is Speaking? SPEAKING SKILLS: Speaking is simply the act of talking wh...
Listening is ability to accurately receive and interpret messages in the communi...
This is the field or branch of morphology which studies different principles or ...
Language is a symbol system based on pure or arbitrary conventions…...
Ecology is the study of the interactions between living things, such as humans, ...
EVOLUTION Evolution is a change in the genetic composition of a population...
Genetics is the study of heredity and variationHeredity- is the passage of chara...