Chemistry

The Natural Sources of Acids and Bases Investigate the natural sources of acids and bases In everyday life, we deal with many substances that chemists classify as acids. For example, orange juice and grapefruit juice contain citric acid. These juices,…

The Concept of Hardness of Water Explain the concept of hardness of water As water flows over the land, it dissolves many mineral substances. The dissolved minerals are deposited together with water in rivers, lakes and oceans. Water is said…

A chemical equation is a representation of a chemical reaction with the help of symbols and formulae of the substances involved in the reaction. It is a chemical shorthand for representing the reacting substance or substances combining (the reactants) and…

The Occurrence and Nature of Water Describe the occurrence and nature of water Water is the most abundant liquid in nature. It is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. It occurs on land as seas, oceans, rivers, springs, wells, etc.…

Valence and Chemical Formula Explain the concept of valence Valency is the capacity of an atom to combine with one or more atoms to form a molecule or compound. Valency also refers the number of electrons that an atom can…

Constructing the modern periodic table has been a major scientific achievement. The first steps towards working out this table were taken long before anyone had any idea about the structure of atoms. The number of elements discovered increased steadily during…

The Atom We learned early that matter is made up of small, indivisible particles. Everything around us is made of extremely small particles. These particles are either molecules or atoms. An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of an element…

Hydrogen is the lightest of all the elements. There is very little hydrogen in the earth’s atmosphere. Hydrogen is so light that its molecules are not held by the earth’s gravity and they diffuse into space. Overall, it is the…